Just for thought,
If the initial area of the intake is lets say 4" and the throttle body is 4" you have a 4" maximum allowable flow passage.
The filter box and filter are
larger to make up for the restriction caused by the filtering process (12 x 12 area with filter restriction equals 4" free flow).
Some aftermarket intakes have a open box which allows engine intake noise to escape which people seem to like to hear.
The stock intake tube has a reservoir/resonator on it to keep the intake noise low from design,...
So does the TRD model intake with a bit different design and placement of the "noise box".
The stock diverter they remove actually assist air as it scoops the air when the vehicle is moving,.... much like a ram air intake.
The TRD "Flow Accelerator" is the same diameter but pulls the air without any assistance.
Think of swimming with your hand in a sideways facing flat position or your hand in a forward facing scoped position.
The scooped hand grabs more water and surface area and works better.
As forced air into a tube moves faster than pulled air alone.
Just simple physics IMO.
The true test would be speed or horsepower gain/ loss.
By all accounts these systems do not increse either on record.
But the louder sound of the engine or the mind thinking the money spent make me go faster can be compared to a sticker that also gives 5 HP.
As far as the "Cold Air" claimes,..... stock or aftermarket designs still pull the same outside air which is the same temperature.
If the airbox is "open" it is now pulling in engine compartment air which is even warmer.
If you say that the tube and box are bigger and provide more air,.... this does not change the initial or throttle body opening size.
A 4" water valve connected to a 12" pipe that connects to a 4" nozzle STILL delivers what the
smallest restriction allows.
Just my opinion.